Chaka chimodzi pambuyo Purezidenti Donald Trump adasaina zake core zoweta ndondomeko phukusi kukhala malamulo, obwereketsa ngongole ophunzira akukonzekera kukonzanso kwakukulu kwadongosolo la feduro lobwereketsa lomwe lidzayamba sabata ino.
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Pezani malipoti apadera, ma Q&As apompopompo komanso kuwerenga popanda zotsatsa.
Ambiri anali akuvutika kale pomwe oyang’anira a Biden kuti akhazikitse chiwongolero cha ngongole za ophunzira chifukwa cha mliri wa Covid, koma pempholi lidakumana. Kubwereza kwa Republican. Tsopano, pansi pa kusintha kwa kayendetsedwe ka Trump, obwereketsa adzakumana ndi zovuta zingapo pomwe ena amawona kusiyana pang’ono pazomwe ali ndi ngongole mwezi uliwonse pomwe obwereketsa omwe amalandila ndalama zochepa amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi chiwonjezeko, magulu olimbikitsa ophunzira komanso okonza zachuma ati.
Lachitatu, “bilu yayikulu, yokongola” ya Trump iwongolera dongosolo kuti likhale ndi njira zochepa zobweza ngongole ndi zoletsa zazikulu pazomwe ophunzira angabwereke. Ndipo izo zidzathetsa kwambiri wobwereka-wochezeka pulogalamu yobwezera idakhazikitsidwa motsogozedwa ndi Purezidenti Joe Biden, kukakamiza ambiri mwa anthu opitilira 7 miliyoni omwe adalembetsa kuti alipire ndalama zambiri zangongole zawo mwezi uliwonse. Payokha, chiwongola dzanja chidzakweranso.
“Pali kufulumira komanso pafupifupi mantha pazomwe zikubwera,” atero a Becca Craig, mlangizi wachuma ku Focus Partners Wealth ku Kansas City, Missouri, yemwe wawona kuwonjezeka kwa obwereketsa kufunafuna thandizo kusintha kwaposachedwa kusanachitike.
Kuwongolera kwatsopanoku ndi gawo la cholinga chachikulu cha olamulira a Trump chochepetsa ndalama zamapulogalamu othandizira aboma m’mabungwe onse aboma. Monga gawo la ndondomekoyi, pulogalamu ya federal student aid adzasamutsidwa kuchokera ku dipatimenti ya maphunziro kupita ku Treasury Department, yomwe akuluakulu aboma akuti ili ndi zida zokwanira kuti omwe ali ndi ngongole azitsatira. chifukwa imasonkhanitsa Ngongole zolephera ku federal ndi mabungwe aboma.
White House yadzudzula akuluakulu a Biden kuti amayang’ana kwambiri kukhululukidwa kwa ngongole za ophunzira ndikuchotsa ngongole m’malo mowonetsetsa kuti ngongole zabwezedwa pofuna kuchepetsa ndalama zomwe boma limagwiritsa ntchito ndikukakamiza makoleji kuti achepetse ndalama zamaphunziro.
Wobwereketsa wophunzira Lori Correa, waku North Carolina, ali m’gulu la zosinthazo ndikuwunika zomwe angasankhe. Atagwiritsa ntchito njira yoyeserera ngongole yapaintaneti, adati akuyerekeza kuti ngongole za ophunzira zomwe amalipira pamwezi zitha kudumpha kuchoka pa $150 mpaka $713 pansi pa imodzi mwamapulani atsopano chifukwa chakusintha momwe malipiro amawerengera.
Monga mayi wosakwatiwa wa ana atatu koyambirira kwa zaka za m’ma 2000, Correa adasintha ntchito yake kuchoka pa kudikirira kupita ku maphunziro azamalamulo, kupeza mnzake, bachelor’s ndi digiri ya masters kwinaku akukweza ngongole za ophunzira ndi chiyembekezo kuti apita patsogolo pantchito zolipira bwino.
Amalandira ndalama zokwana $60,000 pachaka monga wothandizirana ndi malo ogulitsa nyumba ndipo amakhalabe ndi ngongole pafupifupi $200,000 pangongole ya ophunzira, zomwe zakhala zikusokonekera pazachuma pophatikiza ndalama zanyumba ndi chipatala pazaka zapitazi.
“Ndikadakhala kuti ndikukhala moyo wabwino ndi maphunziro omwe ndalipira mtengo wake,” adatero Correa, yemwe tsopano ali ndi zaka 57. “Koma ndinagulitsidwa maloto. Zikumveka ngati tsopano, ngati ndinu munthu wabwinobwino, munthu wamba mukungoyesera kukwanitsa, simungatero.”
M’gawo loyamba la 2026, obwereketsa ophunzira pafupifupi 43 miliyoni adatenga ngongole pafupifupi $ 1.7 thililiyoni, malinga ndi Ziwerengero za Federal Student Aid. Munthawi yomweyi, obwereketsa ngongole za ophunzira 2.6 miliyoni adalephera kubweza chifukwa chosalipira, a Lipoti la Federal Reserve Bank of New York lapezeka. Lipotilo linati wobwereketsa omwe sanabwereke anali pafupifupi zaka 40, wochokera kudera lakumwera ndipo analibe mbiri yosalipira mliriwu usanachitike.
Mneneri wa dipatimenti ya zamaphunziro adati njira yobwereketsa pa intaneti ya bungweli kuti ithandizire obwereketsa ophunzira kusankha njira yatsopano yobweza idzasinthidwa Lachitatu lisanafike ndikutchulidwa. zinthu patsamba lake zikuwonetsa momwe Dongosolo latsopanoli litha kukhala “njira yosavuta komanso yotsika mtengo.” Mlembi wa maphunziro a Linda McMahon adatero m’mawu ake m’mwezi wa Marichi kuti olamulira a Trump “akukhulupirira kuti ophunzira aku America, obwereketsa, ndi okhometsa misonkho adzakhala ndi mapulogalamu omwe akugwira ntchito pakatha zaka zambiri osayendetsa bwino.”
Magulu olimbikitsa obwereketsa ophunzira, komabe, akuda nkhawa kuti kukwera kwa malipiro kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kwa anthu omwe akulimbana ndi kuchuluka kwa inflationkukwera mtengo kwa mphamvu ndi chakudya, ndi mipata angakwanitse m’nyumba ndi chisamaliro chaumoyo. Achenjezanso kuti zitha kuthamangitsa ophunzira omwe amapeza ndalama zochepa komanso a m’badwo woyamba kulowa mumsika wobwereketsa wamba, komwe angakumane ndi chiwongola dzanja chokwera komanso kukhala ndi chitetezo chochepa kwa obwereketsa olanda. Kapena, olimbikitsa amawopa, ophunzirawo atha kusiyiratu maphunziro apamwamba, zomwe zingasokoneze mayendedwe awo azachuma komanso mpikisano.
“Kodi dongosololi ndi lokwanira ngati chitetezo kwa mabanja aku America?” anafunsa Kyra Taylor, loya wa ogwira ntchito ku National Consumer Law Center, gulu lopanda phindu lolimbikitsa ogula. “Ndikuganiza kuti kufewetsa ndi cholinga chabwino, koma kuyenera kukhala kothekera kwa mabanja. Ngati sichoncho, ndiye kuti tiwona kuchuluka kwa obwereketsa omwe amalephera kubweza ngongole.”
Pamene ndondomeko zatsopanozi zikugwira ntchito, akatswiri amanena kuti pali zosintha zinayi zomwe obwereka ayenera kudziwa.
1. Ngongole zatsopano
Nthawi zambiri, obwereketsa ophunzira atha kusankha kuchokera ku mndandanda wa mapulani obweza zomwe mwina zidabwera ndi mawu okhazikika kapena zidatengera ndalama.
Koma mapulani olowa awo akutha, ndipo kuyambira Lachitatu, obwereketsa omwe amatenga ngongole ya ophunzira kapena kufunafuna kuphatikiza zomwe zilipo ayenera kusankha pakati pa zosankha ziwiri zokha.
Yoyamba, yomwe imadziwika kuti Repayment Assistance Plan, ikuvomerezedwa ndi dipatimenti ya Maphunziro kuti ilowe m’malo mwa dongosolo la Biden Saving on Valuable Education, kapena SAVE. Pansi pa pulani yatsopanoyi, malipiro a mwezi ndi mwezi a obwereka azidzatengera ndalama zonse zomwe amapeza pachaka – kapena ndalama zonse zomwe amapeza pachaka kuchotsera kusintha kwina kwa msonkho, kuphatikiza kuchotsedwa kwa ana omwe amadalira.
Pamlingo wotsika kwambiri wa pulaniyo, obwereketsa omwe amapeza ndalama zokwana $ 10,000 pachaka ayenera kulipira $ 10 pamwezi, atero Aissa Canchola Bañez, director director a Protect Borrowers, bungwe lolimbikitsa ophunzira.
“Izi sizikuwoneka ngati zambiri pamaso pake, koma ngati mumalandira $ 10,000 kapena kuchepera, ndiye kuti ndi ndalama zambiri,” adatero Bañez.
Obwereketsa adzafunikanso kubweza kwa zaka 30 asanayenerere kubweza ngongole.
Njira ina yobwezera kwa obwereketsa omwe ali ndi ngongole zatsopano idzakhala Tiered Standard Plan, momwe malipiro adzawerengedwera potengera ndalama zomwe munthu wabweza pa nthawi yoikika kuyambira zaka 10 mpaka 25. Imeneyi ikhoza kukhala njira yofulumira kuti obwereketsa alipire ngongole zawo ndikusunga ndalama pa chiwongoladzanja poyerekeza ndi chiwongoladzanja chokwera mtengo.
Zolinga zatsopanozi zikuwonetsa kuchoka kwakukulu pazopereka zanthawi ya Biden.
Dongosolo la SAVE lakhala lotsika mtengo kwambiri kwa obwereketsa omwe ali ndi vuto lazachuma omwe sangafunikirenso kulipira pamwezi. Iwo omwe ali pa pulaniyo amathanso kuwona ngongole zawo zikukhululukidwa pazaka 10 zokha.
2. Ngongole zakale
Obwereketsa omwe adalembetsa nawo dongosolo la SAVE adzakhala ndi masiku osachepera 90 kuti asamukire ku imodzi mwamapulani atsopano, Dipatimenti ya Maphunziro idatero m’makhothi sabata yatha. Athanso kusankha dongosolo lanthawi yayitali kapena lachikulire lomwe limalumikizidwa ndi ndalama zomwe amapeza, ngakhale izi zidzathetsedwa mu 2028.
Pali njira ina imodzi: Iwo akhoza kusankha Kubweza Motengera Ndalama plan, yomwe sikuchoka chifukwa idapangidwa ndi Congress zaka makumi awiri zapitazo. Ndondomekoyi, yomwe imayang’anira obwereketsa omwe ali ndi ngongole zambiri malinga ndi ndalama zomwe amapeza, amatha kuloleza kulipira pamwezi 10% kapena 15% ya ndalama zomwe munthu amapeza, ndikuyenerera kukhululukidwa ngongole mkati mwa zaka 25.
Popeza ndondomekoyi imachokera ku ndalama zomwe zimaperekedwa – ndalama zomwe zatsala pambuyo polipira zofunika pa moyo – zikhoza kumasulira “malipiro ochepa kwa obwereka,” adatero Craig, mlangizi wa zachuma.
Mamiliyoni obwereketsa omwe adalembetsa nawo mapulani oyang’anira Biden athanso kukumana ndi chiwongola dzanja chifukwa sanamalipire ngongole kuyambira Julayi 2024, adatero Craig. Panthawiyo, zina Mayiko otsogozedwa ndi Republican adasuma milandu Kuyesa kuletsa dongosolo la SAVE, ponena kuti oyang’anira a Biden adapitilira mphamvu zake popanga, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti pakhale mkangano wamkhothi wautali.
Dongosololi likutha, sikuti obwereka azingofunika kuyamba kulipira, koma ngongole zawo zapezanso chiwongola dzanja kuyambira chilimwe cha 2025.
3. Malire obwereka
Kwa zaka zambiri, ophunzira omaliza maphunziro ndi obwereketsa makolo akhala ndi mwayi wopeza mapulogalamu angongole omwe sanali oyenera kubwereketsa. Koma kuyambira Lachitatu, mapulani otere adzachotsedwa ndikusinthidwa zoletsa ngongole zatsopanokuphatikizapo kubwereka zosaposa $257,500 mu ngongole za ophunzira za federal m’moyo wa munthu.
Nicholas Kent, mlembi wa dipatimenti ya zamaphunziro, adatero mu Epulo kuti kukhazikitsa malire obwereketsa kungathandize ophunzira kupewa “kubweza ngongole zambiri.”
Ophunzira omaliza maphunziro adzaloledwa kufunafuna ngongole zokwana $20,500 chaka chilichonse mpaka $100,000 yonse.
Ophunzira aukadaulo, omwe amaphatikizanso omwe amaphunzira zamalamulo kapena zamankhwala, atha kulembetsa mpaka $50,000 pachaka chilichonse mpaka $200,000 yonse.
Ophunzira omwe adalembetsa nawo maphunziro omaliza maphunziro kapena digiri yaukadaulo sakhala ndi malire atsopano kwa zaka zitatu. Pafupifupi 1.8 miliyoni obwereketsa ophunzira ngongole za omaliza maphunziro kugwa kotsiriza.
Malire a ngongole agwidwa kale pa mkangano walamulo pa omwe amawerengedwa ngati ophunzira akatswiri. Dipatimenti ya Maphunziro idaganiza zosiya magawo ena azaumoyo pansi pakusintha. Poyankha, mayanjano ambiri, Kuphatikizapo imodzi ya namwino ogwira ntchitoadazengedwa mlandu, ndipo woweruza wa federal sabata yatha adagwirizana kuti ayimitse gulu latsopano la “madigiri akatswiri” pomwe Vuto lina la malire a ngongole amasewera ku court.
Komabe, zipewa zatsopano zangongole zitha kugwira ntchito.
Dipatimenti ya Maphunziro idati “ikuwunikanso dongosololi ndipo ichitapo kanthu moyenera.”
Pansi pa malamulo atsopanowa, makolo akhoza kubwereka ndalama zokwana madola 20,000 pa mwana aliyense wodalira chaka chilichonse, mpaka $65,000 pa mwana wonse.
Taylor, wa ku National Consumer Law Center, anati pakhoza kukhala zotsatira zosayembekezereka kwa ophunzira omwe azindikira kuti alibe ngongole zokwanira zogulira koleji:
Iye anati: “Mwinanso sangafune kupita kusukulu.
4. Kuchotsera paokha kulipira
Ndi opitilira gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a obwereketsa ophunzira omwe amalipira ngongole zawo pafupipafupi, dipatimenti yamaphunziro ikulimbikitsa anthu ambiri kuti alembetse. zolipiritsa zokha kuonetsetsa kuti saphonya malipiro.
Obwereketsa omwe atero pofika Seputembara 30 adzakhala oyenera kuchepetsa chiwongola dzanja cha 1%. Omwe adalembetsa alandila kale kuchotsera kwa 0.25 peresenti, koma izi zikwera mpaka 1% yonse, adatero akuluakulu azamaphunziro.
Kuchepetsa kulikonse kwa chiwongoladzanja kudzakhala kothandiza kwambiri tsopano, Craig adatero, chifukwa chiwongola dzanja chatsopano cha ophunzira chikufikira ena mwazaka zawo zapamwamba.
Kuyambira Lachitatuchiwongola dzanja cha ngongole za omaliza maphunziro osaperekedwa ndi boma chidzakhala pa 6.52% ndipo kwa ophunzira omwe amaliza maphunziro awo pa 8.07%. Zaka zisanu zapitazo, mitengoyi inali pa 2.75% ndi 4.3%, motero. (Zosintha sizikukhudzana ndi bilu.)
Kuchotsera kwatsopano kwa 1%, komabe, kutha mpaka Juni 2028 ndipo sikukhudzanso ngongole zakale.
“Kuchepetsa chiwongoladzanjachi kudzathandiza obwereketsa akamaganizira za mapulani atsopano, otsika mtengo obwezera ndikugwira ntchito kuti abweze ngongole zawo panthawi yake,” adatero Kent m’mawu ake.
Bañez, wa Protect Borrowers, adati kuchepetsako ndi chizindikiro chakuti olamulira a Trump akukumana ndi kukakamizidwa kuti apereke mpumulo kwa obwereketsa, ngakhale ochepa.
“Izi ndi Band-Aid pabala la zipolopolo,” adatero.
